Computational design for 4D printing of topology optimized multi-material active composites

Abstract Recent efforts on design for four-dimensional (4D) printing have considered the spatial arrangement of smart materials and energy stimuli. The development multifunctional structures their desired mechanical/actuation performances require tackling 4D from a multi-material perspective. With distributions there is an opportunity to increase spectrum concepts with computational approaches. main goal being achieve “best” distribution material properties in voxelized structure, framework that consists finite element analysis-based evolutionary algorithm presented. It fuses advantages optimizing both layout within space via topology optimization solve inverse problem finding optimal target shape change by integrating void voxels. results demonstrate efficacy proposed method providing highly capable tool 4D-printed active composites.